Apistogramma Elizabethae

Apistogramma elizabethae, also known as Elizabeth's Apistogramma or Elizabeth's Red Dwarf Cichlid, is a stunning and relatively rare species of dwarf cichlid native to the upper Rio Negro basin in Brazil. 

Species Overview

• Scientific Name: Apistogramma elizabethae
• Size: Up to 5 cm (2 inches)
• Lifespan: ~5 years
• Temperament: Semi-aggressive, especially during breeding
• Difficulty: Intermediate to advanced aquarists

Natural Habitat

• Found in slow-moving tributaries and leaf-litter-rich creeks of the Rio Uaupés and Rio Içana in Brazil 
• Prefers soft, acidic water (pH 4.0–6.0, GH 2–8, temperature 22–29°C).
• Substrate is typically dark and sandy, with dense vegetation and leaf litter providing cover and spawning sites

Aquarium Setup

• Tank Size: Minimum 45×30 cm base for a pair; larger for groups
• Substrate: Fine sand is ideal for natural sifting behavior
• Décor: Include driftwood, rocks, coconut shells, and dried leaves (e.g., Indian Almond or alder cones).
• Lighting: Dim lighting with floating plants to diffuse light.
• Filtration: Gentle flow; sponge filters are preferred.
• Water Changes: Regular partial changes to maintain low nitrate levels.

Diet

• Omnivorous: In the wild, they eat algae, detritus, and small invertebrates
• In captivity, feed:
  • High-quality flakes or pellets
  • Live/frozen foods: bloodworms, brine shrimp, daphnia
  • Variety is key to maintaining health and coloration

Breeding Behavior

• Substrate spawners: Eggs are laid in crevices or caves
• Males: Defend territory and court multiple females.
• Females: Guard eggs and fry, becoming brightly yellow with black markings during breeding
• Incubation: 36–72 hours depending on temperature.
• Fry Care: Sensitive to water chemistry; feed small meals multiple times daily and perform gentle water changes

Sexual Dimorphism & Coloration

• Males: Blue-grey base with vivid blue and orange-yellow highlights; elongated dorsal rays and spade-shaped tail.
• Females: Olive-colored normally, but turn bright yellow with black spots during breeding
• Variants: Includes “super red” and blue-marked forms depending on collection locality